Editing Lee Bank

'''[[File:Lee_Bank.jpg|thumb|292px|Lee Bank in the late 90s]][[File:Brum.jpg|thumb|276px|Lee Bank 1960s]]Lee Bank''' was an [[inner city]] area of [[Birmingham]], England. It was part of the Ladywood ward, inside the Middle Ring Road, near to the centre of Birmingham. Together with the [[Woodview]], [[Benmore]], [[Five Ways]] and [[The Sentinels]] estates, it formed the area [[Attwood Green]].

Nearby is the former site of Matthew Boulton College before it moved to the Eastside, and a new development called Opal Court consisting of student housing.

==History==
===Victorian era===
Historically, the area was comprised of [[slum]] Victorian [[back to back houses]]. Unlike in most industrial cities of the time these properties took the form of 3 and 4 storey courtyard based housing (with several families sharing one house). In the early 1930s, the notion of [[slum clearance]]s had become popular in the country, however, clearing Lee Bank was delayed until after World War II.

===Post-World War II redevelopment===
After World War II, Lee Bank was designated as one of five [[Redevelopment areas in Birmingham|Redevelopment Areas]], which meant that regeneration of the area was encouraged by [[Birmingham City Council]]. It was named the ''Bath Row Redevelopment Area'', and in 1948, the [[Birmingham Public Works Department]] produced a painting exhibiting their vision for the site. It consisted of numerous tower blocks in a Swedish-style mixed-use development, bounded by a ring road with fly-overs. Clearing of the estate did not begin until the 1950s when the Middle Ring Road was being developed. This required the destruction and realignment of Lee Bank Road.

About a quarter of the estate was designed in 1960 as a single unit by the then [[City architect]] [[A.G. Sheppard Fidler]]. These consisted of 6-8 storey, brick built structures, however, when landscape architect [[Mary Mitchell]] was appointed to help in the design, 20 storey [[tower block]]s were introduced. The Lee Bank project was approved in stages between 1958 and 1967.

The first blocks to be approved in 1958 were two 6 storey blocks on Bell Barn Road, followed by another in 1958. In 1961, two 9 storey blocks were approved for the upper end of Bell Barn Road, with two more identical blocks approved for next to them in 1965 and 1966. In 1963, two 20 storey blocks were approved for Cregoe Street, plus another in 1965 and again in 1967. In 1965, a 12 storey block was approved for Midford Grove. On the opposite side of the Middle Ring Road, three 13 storey blocks were approved for Springbank Road in 1966. In 1968, an extension was created for Lee Bank on Summer Road and three 13 storey blocks were approved for it. These last six tower blocks were known as [[Woodview]].

The area was constructed in the mid to late 1960s into a large [[council estate]] with a mixture of housing and high and low rise flats. [[George Wimpey]] were commissioned by the council to design and construct the 20-storey tower blocks, as negotiated as part of a contract with A.G. Sheppard Fidler, the city architect for Birmingham. [[Charlecote Tower]] was topped out in February 1965, the first of the tower blocks to do so. By this time, A.G. Sheppard Fidler had walked out. Charlecote Tower was completed in 1965 and was followed by [[Chatsworth Tower]] and [[Packwood House]] in 1966. In 1967, [[Haddon Tower]] was completed, and in 1968, [[Longleat Tower]] was completed. [[Packwood House]] was the only 12 storey tower block on the estate.

Lee Bank Primary School was opened in 1967 by Princess Alexandra of Kent.

The estate was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II. Together with a number of social housing estates near the city centre, it formed the [[Centre Estates]] group.

===Deterioration===
Chronic underinvestment from the mid-1980s onwards led to considerable tenant based demonstrations. The area deteriorated following a lack of maintenance. Many homes suffered from damp, and residents only got repairs from the council when they took them to court. However, repairs were still unreliable as new windows were often faulty.

There were also social problems. Anti-social behaviour was common on the estate, and there were many problems with drugs and crime. The suicide rate was 5 times the average for Birmingham and there were health problems too with half of the children on the estate suffering from asthma.

The area became known as a new slum in the 1990s, which was emphasised by local resident, Steve Austin, who achieved the area significant press attention when he covered a billboard on the edge of the estate with a poster reading "Welcome to Lee Bank, Birmingham's Slum Quarter". Demonstrations were also held on rooftops and outside Birmingham Council House, with the slogans; "Reclaim Lee Bank".

===Regeneration===
In the late 1990s, officials from Birmingham City Council contacted residents to gather opinions and ideas into how to produce economic and social benefits for the estate in the future. In 1998, 62.1% of residents voted in favour of transferring the estate to an independent, charitable landlord.

In 1999, the 2,800 properties and substantial land holdings were transferred from Birmingham City Council to [[Optima Housing|Optima Community Housing Association]]. The housing association also received four other estates and together formed the area of [[Attwood Green]]. They produced a masterplan with the aim of redeveloping the Attwood Green area and in doing this, Attwood Green was split into five phases, one phase for each estate. Lee Bank was designated phase 1.

Optima began to work with Birmingham City Council to produce the best solution to redeveloping the Lee Bank estate. They decided that the site should be completely cleared to make way for a new housing development. They secured a grant from the [[Estates Renewal Challenge Fund]] from the government to proceed with the regeneration project. [[Crest Nicholson]] entered a partnership with Optima to develop the new housing for the tenants who lived in the area.

The project was named Park Central, and is to include two public parks with a lowrise housing. The first stage of redevelopment was clearance of the site. [[Longleat Tower]] was demolished along with its sister tower, [[Charlecote Tower]], using [[controlled explosion]]s in 2000 to signal the start the Park Central development. [[Chatsworth Tower]] was demolished in October 2002 by a controlled explosion and [[Haddon Tower]] was demolished on 23 July 2006, the last of the 20 storey tower blocks to be demolished. They were all demolished by [[Coleman & Company Ltd]].

Four tower blocks on the edge of the estate, overlooking the Middleway, have been refurbished, and a further three low rise, multistorey blocks comprising of a Y shaped footprint have been refurbished too.

The name Lee Bank is now no longer used for the area. Park Central is currently under construction with many properties already available for purchase/ rent.

Optima won the 2005 [[Deputy Prime Minister's Award for Sustainable Communities]] for its work as a community led housing operator, run by specialists, politicians and residents.

==Transport==

The area is bounded by the A4540, which forms the Middle Ring Road. The section that runs along the side of Park Central is known as Lee Bank Middleway. Belgrave Junction marks the corner of the estate where the Middle Ring Road meets the A441. The nearest train station is Five Ways railway station.

==Tower blocks==
The four 20 storey tower blocks were:
*[[Charlecote Tower]]
*[[Chatsworth Tower]]
*[[Haddon Tower]]
*[[Longleat Tower]]

The single 12 storey block was:
*[[Packwood House]]

The four 9 storey blocks are:
*[[Audleigh House]]
*[[Chiswick House]]
*[[Faraday House]]
*[[Hogarth House]]

The three 6 storey blocks were:
*[[Dovercourt House]]
*[[Ingleton House]]
*[[17-63 Paynton Walk]]

There are also three tower blocks on the edge of the estate at Great Colmore Street:
*[[Nash House]]
*[[Avon House]]
*[[Lansdown House]]
[[Category:Lee Bank| ]]
[[Category:Birmingham]]
[[Category:Redevelopment areas]]
[[Category:Demolished housing estates]]